Wednesday, March 28, 2018

Lots of words


Wed., January 29, 1936 - Clear today.  Worked later than usual at the schoolhouse.  Embroidered tonite after supper.
Thurs., January 30, 1936 - I went with Niemans to Altona tonite to Mrs. Nieman's mother who is 78 years old today.  We got home a little after 12.
Fri., January 31, 1936 - Goodlings came down this evening.  Howard came after me.  The snow was so drifted in our street that we had to walk the last block.

Grandma and the Niemans barely missed visiting the town of Altona v. the "unincorporated community" of Altona.  Here's the totality of wikipedia's historical information on Altona: 

     "Altona was founded in 1898.  It was named after Altona, in Germany.  A post office was established at Altona in 1898, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1935."

The German Altona gets more coverage:

     "Founded in 1535 as a village of fishermen in then Holstein-Pinneberg. In 1640, Altona came under Danish rule as part of Holstein-Glückstadt, and in 1664 received city rights from Danish King Frederik III, then ruling in personal union as duke of Holstein. Altona was one of the Danish monarchy's most important harbour towns.

     Because of the severe restrictions on the number of Jews allowed to live in Hamburg until 1864, a major Jewish community developed in Altona starting in 1611, when Count Ernest of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg granted the first permanent residence permits to Ashkenazic Jews.  Members did business both in Hamburg and in Altona itself. All that remains after the Nazi Holocaust during World War II are the Jewish cemeteries, but in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, the community was a major center of Jewish life and scholarship. The Holstein-Pinneberg and later Danish Holstein had lower taxes and placed fewer civil impositions on their Jewish community than did the government of Hamburg.

     The wars between Denmark and the German Confederation—the First Schleswig War (1848–1851) and the Second Schleswig War (February – October 1864)—and the Gastein Convention of 1864, led to Denmark's cession of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein to Prussian administration and Lauenburg to Austrian administration. Along with all of Schleswig-Holstein, Altona became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1867.

     During the Weimar era following World War I, the city of Altona was disturbed by major labor strikes and street disorders. Inflation in Germany was a major problem. In 1923 Max Brauer, the mayor of Altona, directed that city personnel be paid in part with gas meter tokens, as these coins did not lose value from inflation.  The most notable event at this time is the Altona Bloody Sunday on July 17, 1932 when several persons were shot by the police force during a demonstration of Nazi groups. After police raids and a special court, on August 1, 1933 Bruno Tesch and others were found guilty and put to death by beheading with a hand-held axe.  In the 1990s, the Federal Republic of Germany reversed the convictions of Tesch and the other men who were put to death, clearing their names.

     The Greater Hamburg Act removed Altona from the Free State of Prussia in 1937 and merged it (and several surrounding cities) with the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg in 1938."

I'll be honest.  There's a lot of words and phrases and information right there that I skimmed right over.  But I did see "hand-held axe".  Gruesome.

Photo of Altona, Germany from wikipedia.

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